You can't legally perform beauty services without a license—and requirements vary significantly by state. Training hours range from 1,000 to 2,300 depending on where you practice. Understanding the requirements helps you choose the right school program and prepare for your career. This guide covers the essentials of cosmetology, esthetician, and barber licensing.
General Licensing Requirements
While specifics vary by state, most require these basics.
- Minimum age (usually 16-17)
- High school diploma or GED (most states)
- Completion of state-approved cosmetology program
- Minimum training hours (varies by state and license type)
- Pass written and practical exams
- Pay licensing fees
- Background check (some states)
Pro tip: Check your state board's website for exact, current requirements. Rules change, and this guide provides general guidance only.
Cosmetology Training Hours by State
Full cosmetology licenses require the most hours—typically 1,000 to 2,300.
- Lowest: New York (1,000 hours)
- Average: Most states require 1,500-1,600 hours
- Highest: Oregon (2,300 hours), Kansas (1,500 + apprenticeship)
- California: 1,600 hours
- Texas: 1,500 hours
- Florida: 1,200 hours
- Illinois: 1,500 hours
Esthetician License Requirements
Esthetician (skincare) licenses require fewer hours than full cosmetology.
- Range: 260-1,500 hours depending on state
- Average: 600-750 hours
- California: 600 hours
- Texas: 750 hours
- Florida: 260 hours (lowest)
- New York: 600 hours
- Some states have separate master esthetician licenses (1,200+ hours)
Barber License Requirements
Barber licenses are separate from cosmetology in most states.
- Range: 1,000-2,000 hours
- Average: 1,500 hours
- California: 1,500 hours
- Texas: 1,500 hours
- New York: 900 hours
- Some states allow crossover with additional training
- Barbering focuses on men's cutting, shaving, and grooming
Licensing Exams
Most states require both written and practical examinations.
- Written exam: Tests theory, safety, sanitation, and state law
- Practical exam: Tests hands-on skills on mannequin or model
- Many states use the National-Interstate Council (NIC) exams
- Some states have state-specific exams
- Exams typically cost $50-$200 total
- Most states allow multiple attempts (with fees)
License Reciprocity
Moving to another state? Reciprocity rules determine if your license transfers.
- No universal reciprocity—each state has its own rules
- Most states offer endorsement if you meet their requirements
- May need additional training hours if original state required less
- Usually need to pass the new state's written exam
- Practical exam sometimes waived with experience
- Process takes 2-8 weeks and involves fees
- Some states participate in interstate compacts for easier transfer
Maintaining Your License
Getting licensed isn't the end—you need to keep it active.
- Licenses must be renewed periodically (1-2 years typically)
- Renewal fees vary by state ($25-$150)
- Some states require continuing education hours
- CE requirements: 0-16 hours per renewal period
- CE often focuses on sanitation, safety, and trends
- Lapsed licenses may require re-examination
Specialty Licenses
Beyond basic licenses, some services require additional credentials.
- Nail Technician: Usually 250-600 hours
- Master Esthetician: Advanced skincare (1,200+ hours)
- Instructor License: To teach at beauty schools
- Electrology: For permanent hair removal
- Laser certification: Often separate from cosmetology
- Microblading: May require specific certification
Frequently Asked Questions
In most states, you can perform services at school clinics under instructor supervision. You cannot work independently in a salon until you're licensed. Some states allow apprenticeship as an alternative path.
Apply to the new state's licensing board for endorsement. You'll need proof of your current license, training hours, and experience. If your original state required fewer hours, you may need additional training or to pass their exam.
You can typically retake it after a waiting period (often 14-30 days). Some states limit the number of attempts before requiring additional training. Use the time to review weak areas—your school may offer exam prep support.